The 4G network has become one of the networks that are considered relatively old in light of the continuous development of communication networks, so telecom companies began developing 5G technology in 2016, and it was launched in 2019, and it is believed that it will be available worldwide in 2023.
The 5G network is the fifth generation of mobile broadband that addresses the problems facing the fourth generation.
How does the 5G network work?
The fifth generation is more efficient than previous generations, as it deals with all available communication towers and also has higher speeds for its users. They are designed to operate over a wide range of radio frequencies, opening up new possibilities in the high millimeter wave ranges. Since it is a new technology, phones that match 4G cannot be paired with the G5.
GSMA / ITU
The 5G network operates on a wide range of radio spectrum assignments but can work on a larger scale than existing networks.
The most common form of 5G usage is called Sub-6, and there's also mmWave.
Sub-6 indicates that it operates at a frequency of less than 6 GHz. All carriers have some form of Sub-6 network, this is because 4G LTE currently operates on these lower frequencies.
The Sub-6 spectrum is important because these low-frequency radio waves can travel long distances and penetrate walls. This means that carriers can deploy much larger networks without having to build a large number of new cell towers.
mmWave (millimeter wave), which refers to ultra-high frequency radio waves, between 30GHz and 300GHz, which are used to charge 5G connections and deliver download speeds of several gigabits per second.
mmWave connections can provide ultra-fast download speeds, but high-frequency signals cannot travel long distances and cannot overcome connection obstacles.
5G speeds
5G is definitely faster than 4G, and this is what research and experiments have found for how fast 5G is:
Peak data rate: 5G delivers significantly faster data speeds. Peak data rates can be up to 20 Gbps for downlink and 10 Gbps for each mobile base station.
5G speed in the real world: Although the peak data rates look very impressive, but the actual speed is different from that, the specifications require user download speeds of 100 Mbps and upload speeds of 50 Mbps.
Transition: The time it takes for data to move from one point to another, 4 milliseconds in ideal conditions, and 1 millisecond for use cases that require maximum speed.
Efficiency: Radio interfaces must be energy efficient when in use, as the radio must be able to switch to a low power state within 10ms when not in use.
Spectral efficiency: Spectral efficiency is “the optimum use of spectrum so that the maximum amount of data possible can be transmitted with the fewest transmission errors.”, it comes at 30 bits/Hz for the downlink and 15 bits/Hz for the uplink.
Connectivity density: 5G can support many more connected devices than 4G. 5G standard cases should be able to support one million connected devices per square kilometer. This is a huge number that takes into account the number of connected devices that will power the Internet of Things.
Countries using 5G network
Many countries have started to use the fifth-generation network, and the most prominent of these countries is the Republic of South Korea, which is considered the leader in the fifth-generation network industry.
Then the following countries joined it:
- Switzerland,
- Kuwait,
- The United States of America,
- Diameter,
- China,
- United kingdom,
- Finland,
- Japan,
- Germany,
- Italia,
- Spain,
- Australia,
- South Africa,
- Canada,
- New Zealand
- Hong Kong,
- France,
- Singapore
- India,
- Brazil,
- Indonesia.
Egypt began using the fifth generation of communication networks in limited areas in 2020.
Using 5G for home internet
With incredible speeds and spectral efficiency, this 5G makes it a potential alternative to the home internet. Especially in rural areas or far from big cities, where fast wired internet is hard to come by and often the only alternative is satellite internet. However, 5G home internet is not a great alternative at the present time, despite the potential of that technology.
The potential benefits of a 5G network
Many benefits have been found, after the launch of 5G in the regions where it is available, some of these benefits:
- Increase download speed
- Improve your home broadband
- 5G is helping to affect home broadband and wireless connectivity, as carriers have started offering home internet services that rely on 5G connections instead of cable or fiber.
Automated cars
The G5 will help increase the efficiency of automated driving cars shortly, as it will help cars communicate with other cars on the road, provide them with information about road conditions, and provide information to drivers and car manufacturers.
Public safety and infrastructure
The 5G network allows countries to operate more efficiently. Where sensors can notify public works departments when drains are flooded or street lights go out, municipalities will be able to install surveillance cameras quickly and inexpensively.
Healthcare
URLLC “Ultra Reliable, Low Latency Communication” is reducing 5G latency, which anticipates seeing improvements in telehealth, remote recovery, augmented reality physical therapy, microsurgery, and even telesurgery in the coming years.
Is 5G network safe to use
The 5G network is not dangerous for the health of individuals. Concerns about the safety of radio waves have been around for years now. Still, no evidence has yet been found to suggest that they are actually harmful to human health. 5G radio waves are not fundamentally different from the waves we've been living with for decades. These concerns arose as a result of the presence of two types of radio waves, namely:
- Ionizing waves: They are considered dangerous to human health, as they are extremely high-frequency waves that can damage the DNA of humans.
- Non-ionizing waves: These are waves with a low frequency, and do not affect human health.
The 5G network does not use radio waves near ionization. However, most of the bands used in 5G have been used for many different things before. Some were used for 4G networks, others for television broadcasting, and other communications.
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